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Hi, everyone and welcome back to Happy Hour. 欢迎回来酒馆. Hi, 安澜.

Hallo.

Why do you sound weird? Did you say Hallo?

Hallo, Wie geht es dir?(你好么)

Are you speaking German?

Ja.

Are you flaunting your German?

No.

Is that... you could have said ‘Nein’ at least .

No, because this is what we're going to be talking about today.

German?

We're going to be talking about German, in particular we are going to be talking about words in German that come into English.

The loan words就是从德语里借到英文的外来语.

Remember we talked about English has one of the largest vocabularies, a lot of it is because there are many loan words from other languages.

Oh yeah. The thing about English is that it's such a global language and the language itself is really adaptable. So it's very, very easy to bring in words from other languages. And obviously Germany is one of our closest neighbors and we've had a very long history with Germany. Some of it good , some of it not so good.

By the way, English, the language, is a Germanic language.

It is a Germanic language.

And old English pretty much sounded almost like German.

Someone once said to me and I think this is quite true, English is a Germanic language with French words.

That is actually... yeah, this person has got a point.

Yeah. And because a lot of grammar, particularly in old English is quite similar to modern German, but our grammar, English grammar has become... so much simplified, a lot more simplified.

Thank goodness for that. Okay, so talk about history in both World Wars so far....

Yeah, hopefully not so far.

...you guys were enemies.

Yes, but the thing is that up until  that point Germany and the UK had a very, very close relationship.

Many of your royal families are connected, no ?

Exactly. Our Royal Family is mostly German.

Yeah. You had German speaking Kings.

We've had German speaking kings, Queen Victoria was half German, and she married a German, and actually their children were all bilingual in German. And apparently German was the language that they used at home.

Okay, interesting. But nowadays British people and Germans, you guys had a generally amicable relationship, no?

I would say Germany and England, there is a certain degree of I would say like rivalry really, the experiences of the wars has impacted or it did impact a lot on how British people see Germany. And this is particularly the case with the older generation.

I've seen some of your old like 70s, 80s TV shows, a lot of them are making fun of the stereotypical German accents.

Exactly. So for us we would always joke that Germans have no sense of humor. They are very very strict. They're very good at technology.

I mean so far I'm not hearing “the joke”, but because that feels like a true defense .

But the thing is I would say it's we have a grudging respect for Germany.

A grudging respect. I love that word.

Okay. Then now bringing it back to language itself, I know Germans speak impeccable English.

Yes, that is true.

Do English people speak any German?

Well, I learned German at school, but my German now is pretty non existent. I would say that in Germany from all the times I've been there and I've been to Germany loads and loads of times and I've got German friends as well, there is a love of British culture.

So for example, Germans would watch British movies, British TV shows or listen to ....music as well, particularly British rock and pop music is very popular in Germany. And in the UK there are a lot of people who like German classical music. There are not many people that would watch German TV shows or German films. Whereas I've got a very good German friend of mine and he watches pretty much the same sort of TV shows I would watch.

They also watch a lot of American shows .

Exactly.

But you haven't really answered my question of British people learning German, I mean you are not really the representative case, at least my impression is British people don't really learn many German.

British people don't really speak German anymore. German used to be a very, very popular subject, but the thing is that I went to Berlin and even when I try to speak German, everyone spoke to me in English.

Yeah, okay. So I lived briefly in Germany. My experience was everybody speaks English and you can get around doing all sorts of things in English, however, if you don't speak German, when they are together, they would speak German, they would speak English to you, but they would speak German amongst themselves which kind of leaves you out. So that is a kind of a problem.

Okay, so let's talk about the loan words from German into English.

Mhm. First of all, let's start with the everyday words. So ‘kindergarten’.

Kindergarten就是幼儿园. Kinder is child, children, and garten is just garden.

Yeah, garten, So it would be kindergarten.

Mhm kindergarten.

Yeah so we would say nursery or we would say kindergarten, but also because Germans love the outdoors, words such as ‘wanderlust’.

Wanderlust, wanderlust is the translation now in English is a desire to travel. It's like getting itchy feet wanting to travel, right?

Yeah, but wander means to hike and lust means desire. This is one thing that...

Germans love to hike. They love hiking.

Exactly. And this is what... one thing that always gets me is that lust in English is sexual desire. But in German lust just means desire in general, pleasure in general. And when you go hiking you have to take a rucksack.

Oh, is rucksack from German?

Rucksack is a German word.

I never knew, so rucksack is just a backpack.

Yeah, because the German word for back is Rücken, ‘ruck’ and ‘sack’.

And let me guess this is a backpack used for hiking.

It is. I’ve got a rucksack.

This is like one of the most mundane stereotype of Germans, they hike a lot.

Pretty much.

Yeah, you also got food as well. So German food is quite popular in the UK, particularly around Christmas time.

Oh, Gluehwein.

Gluehwein.

就是热红酒 , mulled wine.

Mulled wine. Bratwurst.

Bratwurst is just a grilled sausage.

Yeah, grilled sausage.

Wurst is sausage because Berlin is known for its curry wurst.

Curry wurst 咖喱香肠. We just pretty much every single part of Germany has its own type of sausage.

And If you have ever been to any German restaurant, no matter where you are, you have definitely tried sauerkraut.

Yes.

Sauerkraut literally means sour cabbage就是酸菜, 这就是为什么很多人说德国菜是欧洲的东北菜, pretty much, because they have 肘子, they have pig’s knuckle. They have sauerkraut.

Sauerkraut is not very popular in Britain, but personally I love sauerkraut.

Sauerkraut is really great when paired with sausages because sausages those are really greasy food and sauerkraut kind of takes because it... takes the edge off.

Yeah, exactly.

Yeah, and of course you got pretzel.

Pretzel is said like the bread thing with the twist.

Yes. And If you have a sweet tooth, you also have a strudel.

Strudel, apple strudel. Yeah. It's like an apple pie of sorts.

Yeah, it's a type of pastry very, very sweet pastry.

That reminds me Sound of Music, 《音乐之声》里面My Favorite Things. It says, what was it: cream colored ponies and crisp apple strudel, door bells and sleigh bells and schnitzel with noodles. So strudel and schnitzels, these are both German words.

Yes, why did you have to sing though?

I sing better than you do.

That's not singing very much.

Anyhow, so food wise.

Okay. And there are also some very sort of German words like for example zeitgeist.

Zeitgeist, you do see this in news article, news articles a lot. Zeitgeist literally means time spirit就是时代精神. How would you use that in a sentence for example.

It means the general spirit or mood of a specific period of time. So we would say that this particular singer captures the zeitgeist of our time.

Or this movie represents the zeitgeist.

Yeah, so that when people in the future they think about this year or the time that we're living in, they can look at that singer or that movie or that book and say, yeah, that's that really shows the zeitgeist.

The word I love in German that borrowed into English is schadenfreude.

Oh yes, trust the Germans to come up a word like that.

Schadenfreude is the feeling of pleasure when someone else experiences misfortune, would you say that general English people especially better educated English people would know this word, right?

Yeah. It's quite commonly used word. It just means shameful joy.

Do you know that we have exactly the same word for that? Really ? 幸灾乐祸.

Okay, I can see that.

幸灾乐祸.

So that's shameful joy.

Exactly.

And another word is Doppelgänger .

That's creepy. I know that one because my love of supernatural happenings.

Doppelgänger  is...就二重身, it's like seeing you double, which is usually a sign of your impending death.

It's a very, very, very bad sign if you see yourself.

Who was it? Was it Lincoln?

Abraham Lincoln.

And also Shelley 雪莱 before he drowned he also saw his Doppelgänger.

Yeah.

So yeah. Let's hope that nobody sees their Doppelgänger unless you're part of a twin.

Yeah, or look in a mirror or taking a selfie. And of course as we mentioned before about the history, there are words about war that come from German.

Blitz attack就闪电战.

Yeah, or blitzkrieg. So a sudden intense attack is called a blitzkrieg which means lightning war.

English people also mentioned like the Reich, how would you pronounce it in English?

We would say the Reich.

The Reich, R-E-I-C-H它主要是讲当时第三帝国,它是帝国的意思.

Yeah, so this just means empire or kingdom. But it's very linked to the Nazi period. So when you do hear the phrase Reich, it's normally linked to the Second World War or linked to that period of time.

I've actually only heard that word used in that sense in that context.

Yes, but the thing is in German, it just means kingdom.

So for example you talk about the United Kingdom for example and Kingdom is Königreich. Okay .

So that is actually part of the German name for Britain.

I see, I see. And the other thing I've seen in certain films is U- boat.

Yeah, U-boat, which just means underwater boat.

Is that what ‘U’ stands for underwater?

Untersee, which means under the sea.

Submarine.

Yeah, there was actually a really good film from the 1980s, which is a classic about a

U- boat and how they survived and how they basically fought.

But this film is not just purely a war film. It's also about psychology. It's kind of imagining these people in a really stressful situation.

It's like a psycho thriller kind of thing.

But if you can see it's called Das Boot(《从海底出击》) and it's really really famous, it's one of the most famous German films ever made.

I've definitely heard of it.

I've watched it, it's an amazing film.

Okay. And that wraps up today's episode of loan words from German into English. We might make this a miniseries. Next time let's talk about, for example, some other languages like Italian, French.

Yeah definitely. I love kind of talking about where words come from and also the culture and the history that linked to them as well.

Exactly. It's fascinating. Okay and If you have any recommendations, if you have any requests, what kind of languages you want us to talk about? Leave us a comment in the comment section.

And thank you, 安澜for coming to the studio and practicing your German.

Danke.

To extend your German now.

Ich habe mein Deutsch knapp alles vergessen.

Indeed, all right, we'll see you next time.

Tschüss. Bye.

排版长图：Jer.ry

文稿校对：王全勤 & Jenny

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